La complejidad de los movimientos sociales.

The article "The Complexity of Social Movements" highlights the importance of social movements in Latin America and Mexico, as well as the criticism of classical theories. It emphasizes the struggle for democracy and the questioning of the neoliberal model by these movements. Additionally, it mentions the publication of a collective book that analyzes the challenges of Mexican, Latin American, and European societies in the 21st century. It also discusses the relationship between social movements and the State, civil society, and other relevant actors. The text talks about social movements in Latin America and their resistance to neoliberalism. It highlights that these movements have emerged in rural areas and marginalized urban sectors, and have a variety of objectives. Examples of movements in different countries are mentioned, such as the Mapuche indigenous movement in Chile, the Landless Rural Workers' Movement in Brazil, and the student movement in Mexico. These movements defend the environment, human rights, and social justice, and seek to build a different democracy and world. The text also discusses socio-environmental movements in Mexico, which oppose destruction and dispossession, and defend territory and life. The text presents three chapters that address different aspects of social movements. The first chapter highlights that social movements are agents that construct alternative forms of education, based on the roots and traditional knowledge of communities. The second chapter analyzes social movements in Greece and Spain in the context of the European crisis. The third chapter reflects on contemporary social movements, highlighting their diversity and the participation of young people and women. The text emphasizes the inclusion of young people in social movements and the important role of women in these movements. Several social movements in Mexico are also mentioned, such as Zapatismo, the Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca, the Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity, #YoSoy132, and the Ayotzinapa movement. The article discusses self-government and autonomy in communities, where decisions are made through assemblies and solutions to conflicts are proposed. The book offers a theoretical and methodological discussion of social movements and analyzes various specific struggles in the context of neoliberal capitalism. It also raises the need to build new and autonomous worlds. [Extracted from the article]