Clinical report and genetic analysis of a Chinese patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with novel biallelic variants in the ST3GAL3 gene.

Background: Defects in the Golgi enzyme beta‐galactoside‐alpha‐2,3‐sialyltransferase‐III (ST3Gal‐III) caused by biallelic ST3GAL3 gene variants are associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders. Although ST3GAL3 gene variants have been linked to developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy 15 (DEE15), their presence has only been reported in nine patients; however, the real frequency may be masked by insufficient screening. Methods: Phenotypic information was collected from a male patient with severe psychomotor developmental delay and epileptic seizures, and genetic testing was done using whole exome sequencing. A molecular dynamics simulation analysis was performed to assess the potential impacts of the identified ST3GAL3 variants on the ST3Gal‐III protein function, and a literature review was conducted to compare this case with previously described cases and assess disease manifestation and genetic characteristics. Results: The patient inherited compound heterozygous ST3GAL3 gene variants, NM_006279.5:c.809G>A (p.Arg270Gln) and c.921dupG (p.Thr308fs*8). Neither variant had been previously reported in the general population. The p.Arg270Gln variant disrupted a hydrogen bond in the simulated ST3Gal‐III protein structure. Among 25 patients with ST3GAL3 gene defects, eight ST3GAL3 gene variants were identified, and five variants had DEE signs. Conclusion: Patients with DEE15 may have novel ST3GAL3 gene variants, and this study may be the first clinical report of their occurrence in a Chinese patient. These variants should be considered when evaluating patients presenting with unexplained early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy, severe developmental delay, and/or intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]