Efficient catalyst regeneration through solvent-based wax extraction for Co/Al2O3 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.

The regeneration of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts plays a crucial role in sustaining their catalytic activity and longevity in sustainable production processes. This research investigates the effectiveness of various solvents, including n-hexane, n-heptane, toluene, xylene, and the liquid fraction of FT products (LF-FT), for catalyst regeneration and extracting wax from the 15 wt%Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Toluene, with a unique combination of key parameters such as polarity, solubility, boiling point, aromatic structure, and chemical interactions, exhibited the highest wax removal efficiency of 90.6%. However, due to its 41 °C lower boiling point compared to toluene and very similar wax removal efficiency, n-hexane appears as a more energy-efficient and cost-effective option for this process. The regenerated catalysts showed comparable characteristics, including the textural properties (surface area, pore size, and pore volume), crystallinity, and reducibility, to fresh catalysts. The slightly lower reduction temperature in the regenerated catalyst indicates a higher possibility for the formation of cobalt active sites during the catalyst reduction process with hydrogen, leading to an increased potential for higher catalytic activity. The LF-FT, comprising paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, napthenes, and aromatics, provided a unique combination of aliphatic and aromatic moieties, enhancing the solubility of both polar and nonpolar components in FT wax and improving the wax removal efficiency to 91.5%. The higher boiling point and operating temperature of the LF-FT also contributed to its better performance. Efficient separation of hydrocarbons from solvents allowed for solvent reusability in subsequent FT wax removal cycles, making it advantageous for large-scale applications. [Display omitted] • Different solvents (n-hexane, toluene, n-heptane, xylene, LF-FT) assessed for FT catalyst regeneration. • Toluene displayed the highest wax removal efficiency, followed by n-hexane, n-heptane, and xylene. • N-hexane emerges as optimal solvent with low boiling point, cost-effective, and energy-efficient for wax extraction.. • Regenerated catalysts matched fresh ones, indicating restored surface properties and accessible cobalt active sites. • LF-FT solvent, with aliphatic and aromatic components, shows promise for FT catalyst regeneration with enhanced solubility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]