Strategy in the development of integrated palm oil, swamp buffalo and rice systems in Jambi Province.

This paper offers a triple-track engineering strategy (3TES) that is developed simultaneously, integrated and sustainable while still based on local wisdom and changing environmental conditions of swamp buffalo. The decrease of the buffalo population is caused by external factors such as an increase of slaughter rate due to high demand causing substitution between the two red meat producers; and internal factors, including the traditional rearing system, loss of habitat due to land conversion, reproductive performance, and lower growth rate. So far, researchers and policymakers have paid attention to efforts to generate potential. The integration system was developed regarding to the traditional concerns of the Jambi Malay indigenous peoples as stated in the Seloko (traditional poem) "Ado Padi Segalo Jadi, Ado Ternak Segalo Enak, Ado Parah Segalo Murah". The 3TES model is an adaptive model that was developed in response to changes in external environmental conditions that affect the habitat of the buffalo ecosystem, especially related to the loss of grazing areas due to the conversion of forest, rice fields, as well as rubber plantations into palm oil plantations. Model 3 TES is an entry point for the introduction of technology that is carried out in stages, simultaneously and integrated, and involves the participation of local communities (households) in collective action through the communal housing system. It can be concluded that the 3 TES approach is the entry point in developing an integrated system for palm oil, swamp buffalo, and rice fields known by the abbreviation SISKESA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]