Partial replacement of cement with marble dust powder, fine aggregate with copper slag, and coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate in concrete.

Construction companies generate non-biodegradable waste that harms the environment. However, incorporating this waste into concrete can support sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices. The present investigations involve the partial replacement of binder materials such as cement with marble dust powder (MDP), fine aggregate with copper slag (CPS), and coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), when substituted for coarse aggregate, to analyze concrete mechanical properties. A constant percentage of marble dust powder was added to replace the binder material (cement). Additionally, copper slag replaced 10%, 20%, and 30% of the fine aggregate, and recycled aggregate replaced 10%, 20%, and 30% of the coarse aggregate. According to the M-30 standard, water/cement ratios in concrete mixtures were kept at 0.4. Superplasticizers reduce water content and provide better strength. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of specimens were evaluated for (7, 14, and 28) days after cure, respectively. These results indicate that incorporating 10% marble dust powder, 30% copper slag, and 10% recycled aggregate into concrete mixes yielded the optimum compression, tensile, and flexural strength after 28 days, at 34.33 N/mm2, 3.65 N/mm2, and 5.68 N/mm2, respectively, which displayed 10.27%, 17.74%, and 14.05% strength improvement from the control specimen. These additives can improve concrete's mechanical characteristics. Thus, these materials have the potential to serve as alternatives to conventional construction materials through partial replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]