Eosinophilic Esophagitis: What's in a Name?

This article explores the complexities of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a disease characterized by an excessive number of eosinophils in the esophagus. It challenges the previous belief that EoE is solely caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease and highlights the role of food allergens in driving the disease. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria for EoE, which includes the presence of eosinophils in esophageal biopsies, but also emphasizes the involvement of other cells and histologic findings. It further examines emerging treatments for EoE, noting that while previous trials targeting the IL-5 pathway showed a decrease in eosinophil counts, symptom improvement remained limited. The article suggests that factors other than eosinophils, such as allergic triggers and esophageal barrier defects, may contribute to persistent symptoms and endoscopic findings. It also questions whether the name "eosinophilic esophagitis" limits our understanding and approach to the condition, advocating for a more comprehensive assessment of treatment response and disease severity. Overall, the article calls for further research and expanded treatment options beyond targeting eosinophils alone. [Extracted from the article]