A hybrid of GNSS remote sensing and ground-based laser technology for geo-referenced surveying in mining.

Rapid, precise and frugal surveying is a strategic factor in the present mechanized mining environment owing to rapid surface profile transformation in a short period. Determination of global coordinates with high accuracy using the satellite-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has been studied in the mining arena and is gradually becoming an essential component. A case study of Khanak Stone Mine, Haryana, India, is discussed here, highlighting the combination of GNSS system and terrestrial laser scanner for the preparation of a surface profile of a rugged terrain with the key objective to determine the precise in situ rock excavation in periodical phases. The actual tonnage of rock produced/transported from the mine has been calculated by determining the in situ density and bulk density in the laboratory. The study reveals that this survey of approach is apt to achieve quality plan and to obtain the goal of actual tonnage of rocks excavated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]