Prise en charge endoscopique des cancers superficiels de l'œsophage en 2024.

Esophageal cancer, comprising two histological types, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, has a poor prognosis because it is frequently diagnosed at advanced stage. In contrast, survival of patients with superficial cancer is excellent. Improvement of endoscopic devices (high-definition, chromoendoscopy, zoom) and the development of new endoscopic classification has significantly improved the ability to detect and characterize esophageal lesions. Endoscopic treatments are now recognized as the gold standard treatment for superficial esophageal cancers, with an excellent curative resection rate, and a lower morbidity compared to surgery. For superficial tumors, in the absence of ulceration, or stricturing lesion, en-bloc "staging" resection can be proposed. Pathology will define the curative nature of the resection. In case of a non-curative resection, rescue treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy) may be proposed. Digestive endoscopy has a major role in the management of Barrett's esophagus to prevent adenocarcinoma and limit the risk of metachronous cancer after curative resection. Artificial intelligence should play an important role in the detection and characterization of esophageal lesions in the future, but has not been validated in clinical practice, yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]