COMPARISION OF NALBUPHINE VERSUS KETAMINE FOR TREATING POST ANAESTHTIC SHIVERING AFTER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING INFRA UMBILICAL SURGERIES.

Shivering is known to be a frequent complication, reported in 40 to 70 % of patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia. Post-anesthetic shivering is spontaneous involuntary, rhythmic, oscillating, tremor-like muscle hyperactivity that increases metabolic heat production up to 600% after general or regional anesthesia. Post anesthetic shivering may cause discomfort to patients, and aggravate wound pain by stretching incisions and increase intracranial and intraocular pressure. Various methods are available for control of shivering; these may be non pharmacological or pharmacological methods using drugs which have antishivering properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]