Paradigm shift in Nutrient-Energy-Water centered sustainable wastewater treatment system through synergy of bioelectrochemical system and anaerobic digestion.

[Display omitted] • Bioelectrochemical system-anaerobic digestion (BES-AD) coupling for resource gain. • Algal BES-AD supports carbon capture and nutrient recovery make it sustainable. • Intricacy of BES-AD increases the upscaling challenges for field applications. • BES-AD with high energy efficacy and negative economics demands performance boost. • Future market demands industrial trials and boost in yield before commercial use. With advancements in research and the necessity of improving the performance of bioelectrochemical system (BES), coupling anaerobic digestion (AD) with BES is crucial for energy gain from wastewater and bioremediation. Hybridization of BES-AD concept opens new avenues for pollutant degradation, carbon capture and nutrient-resource recovery from wastewater. The strength of merging BES-AD lies in synergy, and this approach was employed to differentiate fads from strategies with the potential for full-scale implementation and making it an energy-positive system. The integration of BES and AD system increases the overall performance and complexity of combined system and the cost of operation. From a technical standpoint, the primary determinants of BES-AD feasibility for field applications are the scalability and economic viability. High potential market for such integrated system attract industrial partners for more industrial trials and investment before commercialization. However, BES-AD with high energy efficacy and negative economics demands performance boost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]