Tau lepton identification and reconstruction: A new frontier for jet-tagging ML algorithms.

Identifying and reconstructing hadronic τ decays (τ h) is an important task at current and future high-energy physics experiments, as τ h represent an important tool to analyze the production of Higgs and electroweak bosons as well as to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The identification of τ h can be viewed as a generalization and extension of jet-flavour tagging, which has in the recent years undergone significant progress due to the use of deep learning. Based on a granular simulation with realistic detector effects and a particle flow-based event reconstruction, we show in this paper that deep learning-based jet-flavour-tagging algorithms are powerful τ h identifiers. Specifically, we show that jet-flavour-tagging algorithms such as LorentzNet and ParticleTransformer can be adapted in an end-to-end fashion for discriminating τ h from quark and gluon jets. We find that the end-to-end transformer-based approach significantly outperforms contemporary state-of-the-art τ h reconstruction and identification algorithms currently in use at the Large Hadron Collider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]