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Variance sum rule for entropy production.

Authors :
Terlizzi, I. Di
Gironella, M.
Herraez-Aguilar, D.
Betz, T.
Monroy, F.
Baiesi, M.
Ritort, F.
Source :
Science. 3/1/2024, Vol. 383 Issue 6686, p971-976. 6p. 5 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Entropy production is the hallmark of nonequilibrium physics, quantifying irreversibility, dissipation, and the efficiency of energy transduction processes. Despite many efforts, its measurement at the nanoscale remains challenging. We introduce a variance sum rule (VSR) for displacement and force variances that permits us to measure the entropy production rates in nonequilibrium steady states. We first illustrate it for directly measurable forces, such as an active Brownian particle in an optical trap. We then apply the VSR to flickering experiments in human red blood cells. We find that's is spatially heterogeneous with a finite correlation length, and its average value agrees with calorimetry measurements. The VSR paves the way to derives using force spectroscopy and time-resolved imaging in living and active matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00368075
Volume :
383
Issue :
6686
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Science
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
175741045
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh1823