Impact of ion-specific interactions on laser-induced liquid microjet generation.

Jet velocity and jet power are the crucial parameters that govern the release profile of drugs/vaccines in needle-free injection systems, where salts are considered as one of the essential constituents of drugs/vaccines as adjuvants. However, the impact of salts on the generation of laser-induced liquid microjets that have shown tremendous potential for drug delivery has remained unexplored. Here, we have investigated the influence of Hofmeister ions on the velocity of laser-induced liquid jets in rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye solution. A comprehensive experimental approach is adopted to find out the values of the liquid microjet velocity by varying the parameters, such as input energy of the laser beam, concentrations of the dye, and specific Hofmeister ions in the aqueous solution. From our experimental findings, it is observed that the presence of ions significantly influences the jet velocity that follows the Hofmeister series: SO 4 2 − > I − > SCN − . This, in turn, governs the ion-specific penetration depth of liquid jets as simulated for the model soft tissues. The observed Hofmeister trend in the jet velocity values showcases the possible specific-ion interactions between anions and Rh6G molecules in the aqueous solution. Our detailed experimental findings on ion-specific jet velocity and jet power could be beneficial in designing needle-free drug delivery systems with controlled penetration depths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]