On the nonlinear wave propagations of improved solar cells.

Solar cells due to their extraordinary situation have got a lot of attention among researchers. The aim of this work is to understand the issue that how fast a particular phase of the wave travels in a solar cell. So, in the current work, nonlinear phase velocity characteristics of solar cells are presented. For improving the mechanical properties of solar cells, as the reinforcement of the last layer, graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are considered. The von Kármán nonlinearity is employed to model the system by retaining in-plane displacements and inertia. Modified couple stress theory (MCST) is used for the size dependency of the current nonlinear system. Coupled analytical method (AM), and multiple-scales method (MSM) are used for solving the nonlinear system. As an applicable result, the wave number value has a greater influence on the nonlinear phase velocity than the curvature factor in the axial direction. In the lower values of curvature factor, the influence of GPLs' weight fraction on the nonlinear phase velocity is lower than in higher values of curvature factor. The findings section provides a detailed presentation of various potential outcomes of this study that aim to enhance the stability of solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]