The effect of pyrolysis temperature on bio-oil and bio-char decomposition process of coconut shell for bio-coke hybrid application as alternative energy resources.

Coconut shell (CS) is a biomass containing lignocellulosic components, with 29.40% lignin, 26.60% cellulose and 27.70% hemicellulose, these contents indicate CS has great potential to be used as fuel through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of an organic material (biomass) at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, with the products being charcoal (bio-char), bio-oil and gas. Bio-oil and bio-char CS produced from the pyrolysis process will be applied as a coke-hybrid. This study aims to obtain the best pyrolysis temperature in the production of bio-oil and bio-char CS which will be applied as bio-coke as an alternative energy substitute for coking coal. The CS decomposition process uses temperature parameters with a variation of 500-700 °C. The results of the analysis showed that in the GC-MS bio-oil analysis, compounds were obtained phenolic; 2,6 dimethoxy-phenol; 1-(2,3,6-trimethoxyphenyl) propan-2-amine; 4-methyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol; aceoxyacetone; phenol, 4methoxy-3-(methoxymethyl)-; 4-hydroxybenzenephosphonic acid and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene. Whereas for the purification of bio-oil using distillation, compounds are obtained furfural; 4-hydroxybenzenephosphonic acid; 2-methoxy-phenol; 3-methyl-phenol; phenol; creosol; beta-methoxy-2-furanethanol; ethanol, 1-(2-furanyl)-2-hydroxy- and 2-methylcyclopent-2-enone. SEM-EDS characterization of bio-char contains the main constituent elements including carbon and minor elements consisting of oxygen, sodium and chlorine. Based on research results, a temperature of 700 °C is the best temperature for producing bio-oil and bio-char, both in terms of the physical characteristics of the bio-oil (pH, density, viscosity and calorific value) and the quality of the bio-char from CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]