外泌体微小 RNA 与骨关节疾病：作用与机制.

BACKGROUND: Exosomes are vesicle-like structures secreted by cells into extracellular compartments in the form of cytosol, which contain a large amount of microRNAs with important intercellular communication roles. MicroRNAs in exosomes rely on exosome transport and are able to enter target cells to exert important biological regulatory effects. In common bone and joint diseases, abnormal or damaged bone metabolism releases a large number of exosomes, while some exosome-derived microRNAs also promote the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, exosome-derived microRNAs are closely related to the skeletal system and are important for the development as well as diagnosis and treatment of many osteoarticular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of exosome-derived microRNAs in bone metabolism and bone and joint diseases. METHODS: Using “exosomes, extracellular vesicle, microRNA, miRNA, bone, bone diseases, bone formation, bone regeneration, bone resorption, bone destruction” as Chinese and English search terms, articles were searched on CNKI, Metasys, and PubMed databases. Finally, 86 articles were included for summarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosome-derived microRNAs can regulate bone metabolism by affecting bone formation and bone resorption, and are closely related to the development of bone and joint diseases such as fracture healing, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and osteosarcoma. Exosome-derived microRNAs will be an effective means of diagnosis and treatment of certain bone and joint diseases in the future. However, the current research on exosome-derived microRNAs in osteoarthritic diseases is limited, and more explorations and researches are still needed to diagnose and treat osteoarthritic diseases using exosome-derived microRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]