The crucial role of NRF2 in erythropoiesis and anemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in cellular defense against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Recent research has highlighted the significance of NRF2 in normal erythropoiesis and anemia. NRF2 regulates genes involved in vital aspects of erythroid development, including hemoglobin catabolism, inflammation, and iron homeostasis in erythrocytes. Disrupted NRF2 activity has been implicated in various pathologies involving abnormal erythropoiesis. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the mechanisms of NRF2 activation in erythropoiesis and explore the roles of NRF2 in various types of anemia. This review also discusses the potential of targeting NRF2 as a new therapeutic approach to treat anemia. [Display omitted] • NRF2 is essential for erythroid homeostasis. • NRF2 protein stability is regulated by interactions with KEAP1 and other factors. • The expression of NRF2 during erythroid development is dynamic. • Targeting NRF2 offers potential therapeutic benefits for anemia treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]