Nanoparticle-based theranostics in nuclear medicine.

Nuclear medicine has revolutionized medical diagnostic and therapeutic interventions by employing radiopharmaceuticals for detection and treatment. However, the limited selectivity and efficacy of traditional radiopharmaceuticals call for novel approaches to enhance the precision and therapeutic potential of nuclear medicine. Application of nanoparticle-mediated radiopharmaceuticals in treatment and diagnostics (theranostics) integrates imaging and therapeutic modalities into a single nanoscale platform to address these challenges and open new insights. This review study comprehensively explores the recent improvements in nanoparticle-based theranostics for nuclear medicine applications. In this regard, the fundamentals of nuclear medicine and the significance of combining imaging and therapy are introduced. Moreover, in this context, we evaluated the challenges of nanoparticle-based theranostics, especially from the viewpoint of toxicity and immunogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]