Natural convection analysis of magnetic nanofluid in fluid-magnetic coupled filed using the peridynamic differential operator.

In this paper, an updated Lagrangian method based on peridynamic differential operator (PDDO) is proposed to study the natural convection and heat transfer of magnetic nanofluids under the fluid and magnetic coupled filed. The governing Navier-Stokes equations considering the effects of Lorentz force in Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the magnetization intensity in Ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) are reformulated in their integral form using a second-order PDDO. Non-local integration of the discretized material points avoids the discontinuous of the field variables, thus, lead to a more flexible way to simulate natural convection of pure fluid and nanofluid under multi-physical fields for stable and convergent solutions. The efficiency, accuracy and capability of the present method has been demonstrated by several numerical examples. Subsequently, the effects of the Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, and Magnetic number on the convective behavior of magnetic nanofluids are investigated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]