International guidelines for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli infections: A comparison and evaluation.

• The quality of CPGs for CRGNB treatment was heterogeneous among different domains. • The highest domain score of methodological quality was for 'clarity of presentation'. • The quality of 'stakeholder involvement' and 'applicability' domains were suboptimal. • The overall reporting quality was imperfect, with proportions between 45.7 and 85.7%. • Both monotherapy with novel drugs and combination therapy are important strategies. This study aimed to appraise clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli (CRGNB) infections and to summarise the recommendations. A systematic search of the literature published from January 2012 to March 2023 was undertaken to identify CPGs related to CRGNB infections treatment. The methodological and reporting quality of eligible CPGs were assessed using six domains of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and seven domains of the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) checklist. Basic information and recommendations of included CPGs were extracted and compared. A total of 21 CPGs from 7953 relevant articles were included. The mean overall AGREE II score was 62.7%, and was highest for "clarity of presentation" (90.2%) and lowest for "stakeholder involvement" (44.8%). The overall reporting quality of all of the CPGs was suboptimal, with the proportion of eligible items ranging from 45.7 to 85.7%. The treatment of CRGNB infections is related to the type of pathogen, the sensitivity of antimicrobial agents, and the site of infection. In general, the recommended options mainly included novel β-lactam/ β-lactamase inhibitors, cefiderocol, ampicillin-sulbactam (mainly for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii [CRAB]), and combination therapy, involving polymyxin B/colistin, tigecycline (except for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa), aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fosfomycin, and sulbactam (mainly for CRAB). The methodological and reporting quality of CPGs for the treatment of CRGNB infections are generally suboptimal and need further improvement. Both monotherapy with novel drugs and combination therapy play important roles in the treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]