Dynamic multiobjective two-stage fuzzy stochastic strategy for optimal water allocation in inter-basin water division under changing environment: A case study of Hanjiang-to-Weihe water division in Shaanxi Province, China.

Extensive environmental changes increase the complex uncertainty surrounding water allocation systems, and irrational water allocation further exacerbates competition among users, posing formidable challenges to achieving dynamic and sustainable water resource management in inter-basin water diversion (IBWD) projects. This study established a dynamic multi-objective water allocation framework to address environmental change, uncertainty of water systems, and coordination between water allocation and deficit risk. The proposed framework focuses on water allocation as a continuous, multi-period decision-making process and considers reasonable water allocation from the individual to the overall multidimensionality. The feasibility and practicality of the framework were verified by long-term water allocation planning of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe IBWD in Shaanxi Province, China. The framework integrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model, three classical scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, and optimization models to realize future sustainable water allocation optimal planning. The study found that the framework enables sustainable water allocation management and provides decisions for decision-makers under different water deficit conditions. Global optimal water allocation and the maximization of system benefits were achieved using multi-objective dynamic modeling. The average satisfaction level exceeded 0.9, and the Gini coefficient was below 0.05, both of which have a synergistic effect, with the former enhancing satisfaction within each subarea, and the latter ensuring equity among the subareas. The proposed framework aims to manage water resources of IBWD sustainably and provide optimal water allocation schemes to decision-makers under changing environments, which will alleviate water scarcity and interregional competition to promote regional sustainable development. [Display omitted] • Environmental changes exacerbate uncertainty in water allocation system. • Combining predictive and optimization models for optimal water allocation. • Developing a framework for water allocation through multiobjective dynamic modeling. • Global optimal water allocation and maximized system benefits have been achieved. • Contribute to the sustainable management of water allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]