Energy homeostasis in the bone.

Osteoblasts rely on glucose as their primary energy source both for differentiation and to maintain function. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) predominantly facilitates osteoclast differentiation, while glycolysis is the primary energy source for bone resorption by osteoclasts. Bone releases a series of endocrine factors to regulate systemic energy homeostasis. Disturbances in bone metabolism resulting from osteoporosis lead to imbalances in energy metabolism, further expediting the advance of osteoporosis. The bone serves as an energy reservoir and actively engages in whole-body energy metabolism. Numerous studies have determined fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties of bone under physiological conditions as well as the dysregulation of energy metabolism associated with bone metabolic diseases. Here, we review the main sources of energy in bone cells and their regulation, as well as the endocrine role of the bone in systemic energy homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss metabolic changes that occur as a result of osteoporosis. Exploration in this area will contribute to an enhanced comprehension of bone energy metabolism, presenting novel possibilities to address metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]