مقایسه سبک‌های مقابله‌ای، انعطاف‌پذیری روانشناختی و امید در افراد دارای درد مزمن و افراد بدون درد مزمن.

Aim and background: Chronic pain can be a complex and overwhelming experience, impacting various aspects of a person's life and functioning. The aim of this research was to compare coping styles, psychological flexibility, and hope between individuals with chronic pain and those without chronic pain. Material and Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive analytical design, specifically a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this research included all individuals aged 20-65 who had visited Sina Hospital and Sheikh Al Raees Clinic in Tabriz during the fall of 1401. Initially, 120 individuals (60 with chronic pain and 60 without chronic pain) were selected from the statistical population using convenience sampling. Data was collected using the Rosenstiel and Keefe's Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Snyder Hope Scale. Data was then analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, univariate analysis of variance, independent t-tests, and SPSS version 25. Results: The results indicated significant differences in coping strategies, psychological flexibility, and hope between individuals with chronic pain and those without chronic pain. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the necessity of adopting a multidimensional approach to understand chronic pain. Furthermore, these findings can serve as an empirical basis for the development of educational and therapeutic programs for individuals with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]