Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Evolution of the final terminology.

• The exclusionary term 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease' (NAFLD) has been used since 1986 to denote an increasingly prevalent chronic liver condition. • To replace NAFLD and highlight pathophysiology, an expert group defined 'metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD) in 2020. • A broad consensus effort proposed 'metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease' (MASLD) as part of a new classification framework in 2023. • It is expected that MASLD will incorporate differing views on comorbidities, noninvasive biomarkers, disease outcomes, and patient perspectives. • Global acceptance of disease nomenclatures takes time while they evolve to reflect advances in medical knowledge and to better serve clinical practice. The medical term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was coined in 1986 for a condition that has since become the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide. In the last 3 years, the global professional community launched 2 consecutive efforts to purge NAFLD from the medical dictionary and recommended new terms based on disease pathophysiology rather than distinction from similar conditions featuring liver steatosis. A consensus by renowned clinical scholars primarily residing in the Asian-Pacific region introduced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) as a new name to replace NAFLD in 2020. In 2023, a nomenclature and classification resulting in the term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was developed by a large expert panel under the auspices of leading liver societies from Europe and Americas. These marked and rapid shifts in nomenclature have garnered the attention of many researchers and clinicians across the globe due to the multilevel impact of a frequent and potentially progressive chronic liver disease in both adult and pediatric populations. The proposed terminologies differ in several ways but they have more in common than differences. They both capture key features of liver disease associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and with significant impact on all-cause and liver-related mortality. The framework of MASLD has incorporated many innovative aspects of MAFLD and while several conceptual disparities remain a work in progress, global efforts should focus on new insights into disease pathogenesis, outcome trajectories, prevention, and treatment. Here, some of these challenges are discussed to facilitate this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]