STATE-OF-THE-ART APPLICATION OF THE LOG-PILING METHOD IN THE ROLE OF SHALLOW GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR LIQUEFACTION MITIGATION.

This research paper focuses on evaluating the log piling technique as a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for reducing soil liquefaction risks during earthquakes. Although this method has been used extensively in Japan, mainly aiming for complete soil layer penetration, its economic viability is questionable in cases requiring very deep soil improvements. The study highlights that shallow ground improvement can notably enhance the seismic behavior of the soil-improvementstructure system, as evidenced by the reduced total and penetration settlements caused by liquefaction. The paper presents a methodology for determining the optimal dimensions of the modified ground zone using both small and medium-scale 1-g shaking table tests. The small-scale tests involve a detailed parametric study, examining variables like improvement width, pile spacing, and the depth-to-thickness ratio of the improved layer. Medium-scale tests, on the other hand, are geared towards identifying the minimum effective pile length. This approach provides a practical guideline for engineers to implement log piling for small residential buildings. Additionally, the paper utilizes finite element method (FEM) effective stress analysis, incorporating a PLAXIS 2Dbased constitutive model (PM4Sand) calibrated with laboratory undrained cyclic torsional tests. This model accounts for the changes in effective stress during seismic activities. Finally, the study correlates its numerical findings with the results from the 1-g shaking table experiments, offering a well-rounded perspective on the effectiveness of log piling in mitigating liquefaction risks during seismic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]