Methane mitigation via the nitrite-DAMO process induced by nitrate dosing in sewers.

• Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (nitrite-DAMO) microbes are enriched in sewers. • Nitrite-DAMO process is stimulated due to in-sewer nitrate-dosing for sulfide control. • Candidatus Methylomirabilis are likely to be the key microbe in inducing nitrite-DAMO process. • The finding of nitrite-DAMO process opens a new path to sewer methane mitigation. Nitrate or nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) is a microbial process that links carbon and nitrogen cycles as a methane sink in many natural environments. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (nitrite-DAMO) process can be stimulated in sewer systems under continuous nitrate dosing for sulfide control. In a laboratory sewer system, continuous nitrate dosing not only achieved complete sulfide removal, but also significantly decreased dissolved methane concentration by ∼50 %. Independent batch tests confirmed the coupling of methane oxidation with nitrate and nitrite reduction, revealing similar methane oxidation rates of 3.68 ± 0.5 mg CH 4 L−1 h−1 (with nitrate as electron acceptor) and 3.57 ± 0.4 mg CH 4 L−1 h−1 (with nitrite as electron acceptor). Comprehensive microbial analysis unveiled the presence of a subgroup of the NC10 phylum, namely Candidatus Methylomirabilis (n-DAMO bacteria that couples nitrite reduction with methane oxidation), growing in sewer biofilms and surface sediments with relative abundances of 1.9 % and 1.6 %, respectively. In contrast, n-DAMO archaea that couple methane oxidation solely to nitrate reduction were not detected. Together these results indicated the successful enrichment of n-DAMO bacteria in sewerage systems, contributing to approx. 64 % of nitrite reduction and around 50 % of dissolved methane removal through the nitrite-DAMO process, as estimated by mass balance analysis. The occurrence of the nitrite-DAMO process in sewer systems opens a new path to sewer methane emissions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]