Extrusion-controlled lipid retention and distribution of wheat germ and its application combining exogenous starch.

Wheat germ is an agricultural but low-economic by-product for animal feed or waste due to its susceptibility of hydrolytic/oxidative rancidities. Here, we use controllable extrusion to treat wheat germ, and with assistance of exogenous starch as lipid protective factor at different ratios (0:10 2:8, 3:7, 4:6). Oxidation of optimized germ extrudate was slowed down during storage, with total lipid retention rate reach up to ∼88.3%. Extrusion dynamic analysis showed that relatively high screw speed (100–150 rpm) significantly shortened mean residence time, increased axial diffusion velocity and reduced the loss of free and bound lipid. Type Ⅱ starch-lipid complex was changed to type Ⅰ during extrusion, with thermal transition peak declined. Wheat germ lipid was most evenly distributed under 100 rpm extrusion. The hydrogen bonding interaction between exogenous starch and lipids in wheat germ was strengthened, with significant modification in water absorption, water solubility, expansion and textual indexes. • The controllable lipid retention of wheat germ was achieved by extrusion. • Lipid oxidation index of extruded wheat germ was greatly reduced during storage. • Lipid content was changed and clarified by chemical and RTD analyses. • Wheat germ-based complex was prepared with exogenous starch at 0–40%. • Lipid loss rate was decreased to 11.71% in wheat germ-starch extrudate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]