The first-order time-variant reliability expansion method.

• An efficient framework for structural time-variant reliability analysis is proposed. • The adaptive accuracy of outcrossing rate is provided by the FOTRE method. • The explicit formulation of reliability index and sensitivity direction is given. Time-variant reliability problems are frequently encountered in engineering due to factors like material degradation or random loading modeled as random processes. The PHI2 method, which employs the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), is commonly used to solve such problems. However, it requires repeated searches for Most Probable Points (MPPs), making it computationally expensive. To improve efficiency with little sacrifice of accuracy, this study proposes a First Order Time-variant Reliability Expansion (FOTRE) method, which provides an efficient explicit formulation for MPP regarding time, in contrast to the expensive optimization approach of the PHI2 method. It requires only a single accurate search for the so-called "worst MPP" over the whole lifespan and offers the " adaptive accuracy of outcrossing rate ", which avoids the repeated search for MPPs ensuring computational accuracy. The inspiration behind the FOTRE method stems from the observation that the outcrossing rate tends to be small at time points with relatively large reliability indexes compared to the minimum reliability index β min , which has a negligible impact on the subsequent structural failure probability over the entire lifespan. This innovative approach significantly improves the efficiency of solving time-variant reliability problems without compromising much of the numerical accuracy. The effectiveness and accuracy of the FOTRE method are demonstrated through several numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]