آثار الحدود العثمانية وتاريخها في وادي النيل الأوسط 1820 ميلادية - 1233 هجرية/1504 - 910

The author of this paper was John Alexander, Professor of Archaeology, Saint John College, Cambridge University, UK. The paper studied the Archaeology and History the Ottoman Frontier in the Middle Nile Valley during 910-1233 AH/1504-1820 AD, and was published in 2000. The paper includes new findings concerned with a topic that remains vivid through history concerned with the role played by archaeological discoveries in interpretation of history. The region itself witnessed a series of key incidents through history of Sudan and Egypt and before all the history of Ottoman Empire during a very important turning point for the whole region. The translator chose to translate the topic for its importance in the ongoing debate resulted by new discoveries and interpretations of archaeological and historical register. Charts and figures were posted without translation as the translator focused only on the text that includes important facts and interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]