Adsorption kinetics of crystal violet by carbon from rubber fruit shells modified with magnetite particles and silane agent.

Carbon modified with magnetite (MC) and Triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS) (SC), made from rubber fruit shells, were used to effectively remove crystal violet (CV) dyes in water. Characterization of adsorbents using infrared (IR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) showed that carbon was successfully modified by magnetite and TEPS. Some parameters that affect the adsorption process were tested and obtained optimal results include the dose of adsorbents 0.1 g, pH 10, and contact time of 15 minutes. MC and SC adsorbents had the highest CV adsorption yields of 91.51 and 90.36 %, respectively. Therefore, CV adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order with MC and SC rate constants of 3.403 and 0.827 g/mg min, respectively. The interaction between the adsorbent and CV dyes was physical interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]