The simulation modelling of eco-green manufacturing to reduce the impact of emissions and liquid waste in the Batik industry.

Environmental sustainability issues and reducing emissions from industrial manufacture are important focuses to maintain ecological sustainability. However, the waste generated from the production process of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has not become a public concern. Batik is one the leading SMEs in Madura. Batik manufacturing produces emissions from wood-burning residues and gases used for dyeing and drying. Similarly, liquid waste containing wax residues and synthetic colors causes environmental pollution. When the waste flows into the soil or rivers, these materials damage the soil and water ecosystems. The risk of skin cancer is the negative effect of batik artisans' chemical dyes in the dyeing process. This research proposes a green manufacturing model to reduce the impact of waste and emissions on humans, ecosystems, and natural resources. Substitute materials were recommended to decrease the effects of litter. The eco-efficiency Index (EEI) level is measured using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to determine the level of waste impact. A simulation model was also built to measure the impact reduction of waste and emissions in three scenarios. The originality of this research is described in three simulation scenarios of using raw materials and alternative fuels in the production process. The simulation model's output shows that the 2nd scenario produces the highest Eco-efficiency Index (EEI) value. The results of this research are expected to help the SMEs in Batik carry out eco-green manufacturing and provide information to the government in promoting green production for Batik SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]