Association of geographical factors with leptospirosis incidence in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta.

Leptospirosis is the largest zoonotic bacterial disease that can be fatal, which is transmitted through rat urine and body fluids, apart from animal reservoirs. The risk of leptospirosis prevalence increases in watery areas. Sleman Regency is an area with a varied geographical surface and an endemic for leptospirosis. This study aims to identify environmental risk factors that influence the incidence of leptospirosis in Sleman Regency. This research is an observational ecological study, with a cross-sectional design. The environmental variables examined are the elevation and distance to the capital. The variable data analyzed is in units per district per year from 2010-2020. The incidence of leptospirosis was obtained from the Regency Health Office. Altitude and the distance from the capital city were obtained from the Regency Statistics Agency. The total incidence of leptospirosis was 328 cases during the 2010-2020 period with a minimum incidence of 2 cases in 2016 and a maximum of 68 cases in 2011. The Spearman Rank Test correlation analysis showed that altitude was negatively correlated with mild strength (p 0.031; r – 0.158), while the distance from the capital is positively correlated with moderate strength (p 0.000; r 0.286). It was concluded that leptospirosis is a disease of a rural nature and is more common in the lower plains of Sleman Regency. Lowland and rural areas are priorities for leptospirosis prevention di Sleman Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]