The role of nanoparticles in non‐invasive electrochemical immunosensor technology and recent developments.

Electrochemistry has been one of the important tools in determining or evaluating vital conditions with the help of powerful and influential electrode designs. The fundamentals of electrochemical determination are simply based on direct or indirect electron transfer that occurs during the process such as the recognition of target molecules by biorecognition elements. Therefore, electrochemical biosensors have been a significant development for promising analytical applications, particularly in the field of biomedicine. In this context, electrochemical immunosensors, which can detect important biomarkers, provide many advantages with their good analytical performance and practicability. Innovation in electrochemical immunosensors continues rapidly, and non‐invasive wearable sensor technologies, especially personal equipment, come to the fore. Developments in the field of nanotechnology can easily be cited as an important driving force of these advances. Therefore, in this review, the design technology of non‐invasive immunosensors used for electrochemical biomarker detection is briefly reviewed and the contribution of nanoparticles to the efficiency of the process is examined to provide a basis for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]