Türkmen Revolts in the Türkiye Saldjūḳ State During the Reign of Rukn al-Dīn Ḳilidj Arslan IV.

The defeat of the Türkiye Saldjūḳ State (The State of Rūm/Anatolian Saldjūḳs) by the Mongols at Köse Dagh mobilised some elements such as Türkmens and Armenians, who were under the Saldjūḳs, and led to independence activities. After the death of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Kaykh̲usraw II, three inexperienced maliks and statesmen who used them for their own political ambitions remained. The period of Sultan Rukn al-Dīn Ḳilidj Arslan IV's joint and independent rule, which is the subject of this article, covers the period when many political events took place and the Türkiye Saldjūḳ State entered the process of collapse. As a matter of fact, various Türkmen uprisings occurred during this period. One of the reasons for the political, military, economic and social uprisings of the Türkmens, who came to the Saldjūḳ lands in large masses and played an important role in the formation of the state, was the relations of the aforementioned sultan with the statesmen, Mongols and Ilkhāns. Furthermore, the influence of Iranian statesmen in the administration, the struggle for dominance among the sultans and the polarisation forced Türkmens to take sides. The Türkmens, who mostly sided against Rukn al-Dīn Ḳilidj Arslan IV in the fight for the throne, caused bloody clashes and large-scale casualties during the decline of the Türkiye Saldjūḳ State. It was not possible to suppress these uprisings without the support of various nationalities and Mongol troops. The administrative weakness of the state naturally spread to its army as well. This article will analyse and evaluate the Türkmen revolts during the independent and joint reign of the Sultan Rukn al-Dīn Ḳilidj Arslan IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]