МУСКУЛНИ КРАМПИ ПРИ ФИЗИЧЕСКА АКТИВНОСТ – РИСКОВИ ФАКТОРИ ЗА ПОЛУЧАВАНЕ И ПРЕВЕНЦИЯ.

Aim: The study aims to analyze the current scientific literature on risk factors and strategies for the prevention of muscle cramps that occur during physical activity. Particular attention is paid to muscle fatigue, dehydration, electrolyte balance, and other neurophysiological and metabolic aspects that can trigger cramps. Materials and methods: To achieve the objectives of the research, an overview of scientific publications extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Google Scholar was carried out, with a main focus on research published in recent years. Keywords such as "muscle cramps", "physical activity", "prevention" and "risk factors" were used. Conclusion: The study confirms that muscle cramps are a complex phenomenon influenced by multiple factors, including muscle fatigue, dehydration, electrolyte balance disorders, and metabolic changes. It emphasizes the importance of adequate hydration, electrolyte balance, proper exercise program and techniques such as stretching and massage for the prevention and management of muscle cramps. It is advisable to continue research in the field to develop effective strategies to prevent these frequent and painful spasms that occur during or after physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]