Uncovering the Risks: Investigating the Impact of Abnormal 50 g Results of Two-Step Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening in Pregnant Women.

Background/Aims: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent medical concern among pregnant women. The study aimed to explore maternal characteristics that could lead to an isolated increase in the 50 g Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) levels and to assess the impact of elevated 50 g GCT levels on fetal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective trial included 177 pregnant women and 177 infants. All pregnant women who applied to the antenatal clinic and screened for GDM were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with abnormal GCT (50 g levels) but normal 100 g-OGTT results (study group) and those with normal 50 g results (control group). Results: The advanced maternal age (AMA) rate (14.80% vs. 4.80%, p=0.028) and maternal weight measurements at the first pregnancy visit were higher in the study group. The rate of overweighted patients (more than 80 kg at the first pregnancy visit) was higher in the study group (35.20% vs. 5.80%, p<0.001). The rate of fetal macrosomia was higher in the study group (10.20% vs. 0, p<0.05). It was determined that the neonate's head circumference (HC) was larger in the study group (35.15 cm vs. 34.69 cm, p=0.029). Emergent (primary) cesarean section (C/S) rate with cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) indication was higher in the fetal macrosomia group (p<0.05). The power of the current study was determined as 87% Conclusions: According to the study result, the patients with isolated elevation of the 50 g Glucose Challenge Test are at risk of fetal macrosomia, which increases the risk of C/S. In overweight patients over 35 years old, 75 g OGTT may be more sensitive in detecting glucose metabolism disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]