Zorlu Yaşam Olaylarını Anlamlandırmada Dünyaya İlişkin Varsayımlar ve Din.

Challenging life events are traumatic events that affect people cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. One way to understand the psychological reactions of individuals who have experienced such events is to examine their basic assumptions about the world and the effects of these events on their assumptions. Research on victims of traumatic experiences has found that people often have unquestioned assumptions and shape their thoughts and behaviors accordingly. Traumatic events not only cause these assumptions to be shaken, but also have the ability to reveal the nature of these beliefs. The 'Fragmented Assumptions Model' has tried to provide a theoretical framework to explain people's core beliefs. According to this model, people have three main assumptions: 'goodness of the world', 'meaningfulness of the world' and 'self-worth'. When the beliefs on which these three basic assumptions are based are considered as a whole, a total of eight principles are seen in the conceptual model of the individual's assumptions about the world. These are the goodness of the world, the goodness of people, justice, controllability, randomness, self-worth, self-control and chance. These beliefs function as a cognitive framework to help people anticipate extreme events in their lives and support their decision-making. Challenging life events are emotional situations that are overwhelming, stressful and distressing for individuals. These experiences have powerful effects on both psychological and physical health, with the most common consequences being post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. The most prominent mental state here is meaninglessness. This is because individuals feel helpless and alone because of what has happened to them in a meaningless world. They feel that the world is no longer as meaningful as it used to be and that they are not in control of what happens next. It is possible for individuals to heal their suffering and get out of this difficult situation by reconstructing their inner world. Old assumptions have led to the conclusion that life is malevolent and meaningless, resulting in anxiety and worry. Individuals who go through a difficult period with trauma will find it easier to return to their previous lives by changing their old assumptions that misled them, made them face the fact that they are mortal and vulnerable, and led them to conclude that life is meaningless. New assumptions are one of the main ways of coping with traumatic situations. Religious interpretations are an important source for individuals in creating new assumptions. Religion functions mostly in the cognitive dimension in challenging life events, bringing new meaning and perspective. Religion can often function as a schema through which reality is perceived. Religion states that the pain and suffering experienced by people are not aimless and meaningless; they are realized within the framework of a divine plan. Instead of denying and avoiding the experiences, the pain experienced within the framework of the meaning offered by religion can be seen as an opportunity for spiritual development. The aim of the study is to examine how individuals make sense of difficult life events and to reveal the role of religion in making sense. Religion and spiritual values may offer new assumptions for individuals to cope with painful situations. In this context, firstly, the effects of difficult life events on people are discussed. Secondly, basic assumptions about the world are examined within the framework of the Fragmented Assumptions Model. Finally, the assumptions about the world developed from a religious perspective in difficult life events and their contribution to psychological recovery are discussed. In the study, in which phenomenological method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, it was aimed to create a theoretical framework about the role of religion and spirituality in shaping world assumptions by reviewing the existing literature. It is thought that the study will be effective in understanding the assumptions of individuals with traumatic experiences and contributing to the healing process by developing new assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]