A Critical Analysis of van Vloten's Claims Regarding Shiism and its Origin.

Among his notable publications, the Dutch orientalist van Vloten (1866-1903) authored a book titled A Study on Arab Domination, Shiism and Messianic Beliefs Under the Umayyad Caliphate. Within this book, there is a dedicated chapter that explores Shiism, its beliefs, and its various denominations. In this chapter, the author engages in challenging discussions between Shiism and Sunnism. However, it is important to note that his conclusions regarding the origins and influences of Shiism are flawed. Van Vloten asserts that Shiism originated from Kufa and was established by Mukhtār al-Thaqafī. He further claims that Shiite beliefs are influenced by other religions, and that the Shiite denominations consist of the Saba?i and Kaysanite beliefs. These conclusions, however, lack a solid foundation and demonstrate a lack of understanding of Shiite history and beliefs. Van Vloten's comments can be attributed to his ignorance of the original Shiite sources. This article aims to examine the basis for van Vloten's remarks by analyzing the sources and content of the claims made in this particular chapter. Additionally, it seeks to scrutinize the biased perspectives of van Vloten and other orientalists when it comes to Shiism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]