Clavispora lusitaniae: From a saprophytic yeast to an emergent pathogen.

Clavispora lusitaniae has been isolated from different substrates, such as soil, water, fruit, vegetables, plants, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. However, its importance lies in being isolated from in invasive infections, particularly in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies. It is an emerging nosocomial pathogen commonly associated with fatal prognosis in immunocompromised hosts. C. lusitaniae has attracted attention in the last decade because of resistance to amphotericin B, 5- flucytosine, and fluconazole. The adaptations of this yeast to the human host may contribute to its pathogenicity. Further study will be needed to understand C. lusitaniae 's ability as a potential pathogen. This mini-review highlights the importance of the growing number of invasive disease cases caused by this yeast. • Clavispora lusitaniae has been isolated from the environment and human microbiota. • C. lusitaniae produces invasive infections in immunosuppressed patients. • C. lusitaniae antifungal resistance is associated to treatment failure. • C. lusitaniae should be considered an emerging health threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]