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Natural Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Beauvericin and Enniatins in Wheat Kernels from China.

Authors :
Xu, Wenjing
Liang, Jiang
Zhang, Jing
Song, Yan
Zhao, Xi
Liu, Xiao
Zhang, Hongyuan
Sui, Haixia
Ye, Jin
Wu, Yu
Ji, Jian
Ye, Yongli
Sun, Xiulan
Xu, Jin
Bai, Li
Han, Xiaomin
Zhang, Lei
Source :
Toxins. Jul2024, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p290. 10p.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

A total of 769 wheat kernels collected from six provinces in China were analyzed for beauvericin (BEA) and four enniatins (ENNs), namely, ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1, using a solid phase extraction (SPE) technique with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results show that the predominant toxin was BEA, which had a maximum of 387.67 μg/kg and an average of 37.69 μg/kg. With regard to ENNs, the prevalence and average concentrations of ENB and ENB1 were higher than those of ENA and ENA1. The geographical distribution of BEA and ENNs varied. Hubei and Shandong exhibited the highest and lowest positive rates of BEA and ENNs (13.46% and 87.5%, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed among these six provinces. There was a co-occurrence of BEA and ENNs, and 42.26% of samples were simultaneously detected with two or more toxins. Moreover, a significant linear correlation in concentrations was observed between the four ENN analogs (r range: 0.75~0.96, p < 0.05). This survey reveals that the contamination and co-contamination of BEA and ENNs in Chinese wheat kernels were very common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726651
Volume :
16
Issue :
7
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Toxins
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
178691814
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16070290