Factors associated with family decision-making after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

• Decision-making practices after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) • Social determinants of health not associated with decision-making after OHCA. • Neurological morbidity associated with family decision-making after OHCA. • Palliative care is critical for family decision-making after OHCA. This study aims to identify demographic factors, area-based social determinants of health (SDOH), and clinical features associated with medical decision-making after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This is a retrospective, exploratory, descriptive analysis of patients < 18 years old admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) after OHCA from 2011 to 2022 (n = 217) at an urban tertiary care, free-standing children's hospital. Outcomes of interest included: (1) whether a new advance care plan (ACP) (defined as a written advance directive including do not resuscitate and/or do not intubate) was ordered during hospitalization, and (2) whether the patient was discharged with new medical technology (defined as tracheostomy and/or feeding tube). Logistic regression models identified features associated with these outcomes. Of the 217 patients, 78 patients (36%) had a new ACP placed during their admission. Of the survivors, 26% (27/102) were discharged home with new medical technology. Factors associated with ACP were greater change in Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.28–1.73], p-value < 0.001) and palliative care consultation (aOR = 2.39, 95% CI [1.16–4.89], p-value 0.018). Factors associated with new medical technology were lower change in PCPC score (aOR = 0.76, 95% C.I. [0.61–0.95], p-value = 0.015) and palliative care consultation (aOR = 7.07, 95% CI [3.01–16.60], p-value < 0.001). There were no associations between area-based SDOH and outcomes. Understanding factors associated with decision-making related to ACP after OHCA is critical to optimize counseling for families. Multi-institutional studies are warranted to identify whether these findings are generalizable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]