The evaluation of water quality in Karani Mitta Lake and the identification of contaminated areas through innovative novel spatial analysis, in comparison with drinking and irrigation standards.

To assess water quality standards using a Novel Spatial Analysis approach at the catchment basin level and analyze water pollution while identifying the key pollutant parameters, in order to highlight areas of high pollution risk within the catchment basin. The data were analysed using GIS software while taking into account various chemical factors such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and Nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N). To better understand this, 36 water samples from 16 zones were collected from Karani Mitta Lake Andhra Pradesh, India. To assess the level of water quality, single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index approaches have been used, together with the Geographic information system (GIS). A comparison of drinking and irrigation standards was conducted using SPSS software on the mentioned parameters. This illustrates the typical water quality in watersheds that are impacted by different parameters, highlighting the presence of pollutants such as COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, which exceed standard class III levels at 17, 5.65, 0.140, 0.460, and 0.030, respectively, in mg/L. Drinking water standards are set at lower levels of 10, 1, 0.05, 0.5, 1, and 10 mg/L, while wastewater standards are higher at 20, 2, 0.5, 1, 45, and 20 mg/L. The analysis was conducted with a G-force of 80% and a 95% confidence interval. The SPSS test resulted in a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating a significant difference between the two groups compared in this study. The contamination levels within the catchment basin are correlated with a novel spatial analysis technique, which provides valuable information for effective control and treatment strategies to manage contamination in the catchment basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]