Computer Vision-Based cybernetics systems for promoting modern poultry Farming: A critical review.

• Cybernetics systems have been developed to monitor animal production. • Machine vision methods are key for precision poultry welfare detection. • Robotics is an emerging method for poultry farm management. • Sustainable poultry farming requires continuous innovation in cybernetics. As global demands on the poultry production and welfare both intensify, the precision poultry farming technologies such as computer vision-based cybernetics system is becoming important in addressing the current issues related to animal welfare and production efficiencies. The integration of computer vision technology has become a catalyst for transformative change in precision farming, particularly concerning productivity and welfare. This review paper delineates the central role of computer vision in precision poultry farming, focusing on its applications in non-contact monitoring methods that employ advanced sensors and cameras to enhance farm biosecurity and bird observation without disturbance. We delved into the multifaceted advancements such as the utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for behavior analysis and health monitoring, evidenced by the high accuracy sorting of eggs and identification of health concerns within target-dense farm environments. The review paper underscores advancements in precision agriculture, including accurate egg weight estimation and egg classification within cage-free systems, paralleling the poultry sector's evolution towards more ethical farming practices. Moreover, it addresses the progress in poultry growth monitoring and examines case studies of commercial farms, showcasing how these innovations are being practically applied to enhance productivity and animal welfare. Challenges remain, particularly in terms of environmental variability and data annotation for deep learning models. Nevertheless, the review emphasizes the scope for future innovations like voice-controlled robotics and virtual reality applications, which have the potential to enhance poultry farming to new levels of efficiency, humanity, and sustainability. The insights assert that the continued exploration and development in computer vision technologies are not only instrumental for the poultry sector but also offer a blueprint for agricultural enhancement at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]