Barriers encountered with clinical data warehouses: Recommendations from a focus group.

• Over the past 20 years, hospitals have also adopted and implemented data warehouse technology to facilitate the reuse of administrative and clinical data for research. • Implementation of clinical data warehouses encounters ethical, legislative, technical, human and organizational barriers. • We conducted a focus group at the Medical Informatics in Europe congress to collect and document difficulties and barriers encountered during a clinical data warehouse project. • Based on participants experiences, we proposed 15 practical recommendations, including governance, stakeholder engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and external expertise utilization. The increasing implementation and use of electronic health records over the last few decades has made a significant volume of clinical data being available. Over the past 20 years, hospitals have also adopted and implemented data warehouse technology to facilitate the reuse of administrative and clinical data for research. However, the implementation of clinical data warehouses encounters a set of barriers: ethical, legislative, technical, human and organizational. This paper proposes an overview of difficulties and barriers encountered during a clinical data warehouse (CDW) development and implementation project. We conducted a focus group at the 2023 Medical Informatics Europe Conference and invited professionals involved in the implementation of CDW. These experts described their CDW and the difficulties and barriers they encountered at each phase: (i) launching of the data warehouse project, (ii) implementing the data warehouse and (iii) using a data warehouse in routine operations. They were also asked to propose solutions they were able to implement to address the barriers previously reported. After synthesis and consensus, a total of 26 barriers were identified, 10 pertained to tasks, 5 to tools and technologies, 4 to persons, 4 to organization, and 3 to the external environment. To address these challenges, a set of 15 practical recommendations was offered, covering essential aspects such as governance, stakeholder engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and external expertise utilization. These recommendations serve as a valuable resource for healthcare institutions seeking to establish and optimize CDWs, offering a roadmap for leveraging clinical data for research, quality enhancement, and improved patient care. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]