Caffeine content in dietary supplements: hidden risks and implications for public health.

The rising popularity of dietary supplements, especially those marketed for weight loss and athletic performance, has generated significant concerns due to their caffeine content. This study aimed to investigate the discrepancies between declared and actual caffeine content in 16 dietary supplements, which are widely available in stores and targeted to physically active population and professional athletes. Caffeine levels were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a maximum wavelength of 274 nm. The obtained values were then compared against the declared caffeine content on the selected product labels. The results were supported by a comparative review of relevant literature sources and discussed within the broader context of caffeine supplement use and its public health implications. Our study revealed notable inconsistencies in caffeine content, with several products containing by up to 149 % more caffeine than the amount declared. Our research suggested that while caffeine contents are often higher than declared, capsules of pure caffeine emerge as a more reliable option compared to powdered supplements and energy shots, which carry a higher risk of overdosing. We emphasize the need for stricter regulations and enhanced quality control in the manufacturing of dietary supplements, especially those marketed towards active individuals and athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]