An interface-based microscopic model for the failure analysis of masonry structures reinforced with timber retrofit solutions.

This article presents a detailed analysis of a numerical model for studying the failure of masonry structures that have been retrofitted with timber solutions. The model accurately reproduces the failure mechanisms of masonry and evaluates the effectiveness of timber-based retrofitting. The study validates the model through comparisons with experimental and numerical results and assesses its efficacy through nonlinear static analysis. The article also discusses the use of a timber frame system as a retrofitting strategy for masonry walls, highlighting its significant enhancement of the wall's load-bearing capacity against lateral forces. However, the post-peak behavior of the retrofitted cases reveals potential weaknesses in the timber frame system, which can lead to sudden drops in resistance. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of preventing simultaneous failure of multiple bracing elements in the retrofitting system and the need for further research to improve its design and mitigate brittle behavior. [Extracted from the article]