The effect of <italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic>-derived extracellular vesicles on glucose metabolism and induction of insulin resistance in HepG2 cells.

Abstract<italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> infection has been associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to examine the effect of <italic>H. pylori</italic>-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on IR induction. EVs were derived from two <italic>H. pylori</italic> strains, and characterised by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Different concentrations of insulin were added to HepG2 cells to induce IR model. HepG2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of <italic>H. pylori</italic>-derived EVs to assess IR development. The gene expression of <italic>IRS1</italic>, <italic>AKT2</italic>, <italic>GLUT2</italic>, <italic>IL-6</italic>, <italic>SOCS3</italic>, <italic>c-Jun</italic> and miR-140 was examined using RT-qPCR. Glucose uptake analysis revealed insulin at 5 × 10 −7 mol/l and EVs at 50 µg/ml induced IR model in HepG2 cells. <italic>H. pylori</italic>-derived EVs downregulated the expression level of <italic>IRS1</italic>, <italic>AKT2</italic>, and <italic>GLUT2</italic>, and upregulated <italic>IL-6</italic>, <italic>SOCS3</italic>, <italic>c-Jun</italic>, and miR-140 expression in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our findings propose a novel mechanism by which <italic>H. pylori-</italic>derived EVs could potentially induce IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]