Comprehensive analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in Helianthus annuus L.: A bioinformatics approach.

• Helianthus annuus L. is a significant oilseed plant with economic importance. • Secondary metabolites in plants have high potential to produce new drugs and bioactive compounds. • Compounds with anticancer properties such as taxadiene-5α-hydroxylase, parthenolide synthase, vinorine synthase etc. have been identified in H. annuus. • There are gene clusters categorized as polyketide, saccharide, saccharide-terpene, alkaloid, putative, and terpene types in H. annuus. Plant secondary metabolite gene clusters are regions within the plant genome that encode enzymes and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Helianthus annuus L. is a significant oilseed plant with economic importance. This study aims to comprehensively identify secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters within H. annuus using bioinformatics tools, shedding light on the functions of the enzymes involved. In this study, the plantiSMASH software was utilized to predict secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in H. annuus. The results from plantiSMASH were analyzed to identify the biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites on each chromosome. The biological and molecular functions of the enzymes within these clusters were predicted using data from the relevant articles. According to the obtained data, H. annuus lacks a biosynthetic gene cluster on chromosomes four, seven, and fifteen. The identified gene clusters in this plant are polyketide, saccharide, saccharide-terpene, alkaloid, putative, and terpene. The enzyme categories found in secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters include Methyltransferase, Ketosynthase, Glycosyltransferase, BAHD acyltransferase, Dioxygenase, CoA-ligase, Epimerase, PRISE enzymes, Prenyltransferase, Oxidoreductase, Aminotransferase, Copper amine oxidase, Cytochrome P450, Terpene synthase, and Pictet-Spengler enzyme (Bet v1). This comprehensive analysis provides a foundation for further investigations into the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in H. annuus , offering valuable insights for researchers exploring the medicinal and pharmaceutical potential of this plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]