KELÂMDA MAKĀSID DÜŞÜNCESİNE TEMEL OLUŞTURMASI BAKIMINDAN İLAHİ SIFATLAR.

Maqāṣıd, which expresses the basic aims and objectives of religious judgements, is one of the important concepts that reveal serious areas of debate within the specific contexts of Islamic sciences. In theology, the concept of maqāṣıd refers to the idea that divine actions can only be realised with a purpose and aim, towards what is beneficial and wise. Muʿtazila and Māturīdī schools are the theological schools that include the idea of maqāṣid. Their views on this issue have an important relationship with the meanings they attribute to divine attributes and the way they conceive of these attributes. As a matter of fact, the issue of divine attributes, which was one of the first topics of debate in the historical process, gradually gained depth and led to the development of different conceptions of God. In this respect, this study aims to justify their thoughts on maqāṣid in terms of their understanding of divine attributes by taking into account the main works of Muʿtazilī and Māturīdī theologians. In particular, the meanings they attributed to the attributes of knowledge, wisdom, and justice influenced them to include the idea of maqāṣid in the creation of God, His making an offer, and related matters. For example, according to the Muʿtazilites, God is a scholar by His essence. This quality cannot be separated from Him. This truth means that God has eternal knowledge of everything. In this context, the knowledge that justice is good and oppression is bad is an eternal knowledge and coincides with the content of religious judgements. Other truths and qualities that are thought to be fixed in eternal knowledge are also influential on the nature of the divine purpose. The Māturīdīs developed a doctrine of theology centred on wisdom. According to them, wisdom is an essential attribute of God. The absence of wisdom means ignorance. Allah is exempt from this. This strong emphasis of both schools on divine knowledge and their explanation of other divine attributes based on it had a significant impact on their development of the idea of maqāṣid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]