Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Along the Meat Chain: One Health Context.

Food-borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent the significant public health challenges in the 21st century. Increased emergence of AMR in major zoonotic food-borne pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter) and in commensal bacteria (E. coli, enterococci), its presence in agro-food (meat) chain and environment, including control/prevention of AMR transfer from food-producing animals to humans via food consumption, is of utmost importance for public health. This review highlights the most relevant risk mitigation strategies for AMR in the meat production chain within One Health context. The monitoring and surveillance systems for AMR in meat chain are presented and briefly discussed, including sampling schemes, susceptibility testing, clinical resistance and epidemiological cut-off values. The most effective approaches to track and manage AMR in farm-abattoir-meat processing-retail continuum have been recommended, including aspects of international harmonization of critically important antimicrobials for human and veterinary use. The successful AMR monitoring and control in the meat chain can be achieved by evidence-based and integrated approach within One Health context. The application of state-of-the-art technologies and methods for detection and tracking of zoonotic food borne pathogens and AMR, such as Whole Genome Sequencing supported with data processing using Artificial Intelligence (machine learning), can contribute to achieving this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]